Line-of-Sight Reddening Predictions: Zero Points, Accuracies, the Interstellar Medium, and the Stellar Populations of Elliptical Galaxies

Revised (B-V)_0-Mg_2 data for 402 elliptical galaxies are given to test reddening predictions which can also tell us both what the intrinsic errors are in this relationship among gE galaxy stellar populations, as well as details of nearby structure in the interstellar medium (ISM) of our Galaxy and of the intrinsic errors in reddening predictions. Using least-squares fits, the explicit 1-sigma errors in the Burstein-Heiles (BH) and the Schlegel et al. (IR) predicted reddenings are calculated, as well as the 1-sigma observational error in the (B-V)_0-Mg_2 for gE galaxies. It is found that, in directions with E(B-V)<0.100 mag (where most of these galaxies lie), 1-sigma errors in the IR reddening predictions are 0.006 to 0.009 in E(B-V) mag, those for BH reddening prediction are 0.011 mag, and the 1-sigma agreement between the two reddening predictions is 0.007 mag. IR predictions have an accuracy of 0.010-0.011 mag in directions with E(B-V)>= 0.100 mag, significantly better than those of the BH predictions (0.024-0.025). Gas-to-dust variations that vary by a factor of 3, both high and low, exist along many lines-of-sight in our Galaxy. The approx 0.02 higher reddening zero point in E(B-V) previously determined by Schlegel et al. is confirmed, primarily at the Galactic poles. Despite this, both methods also predict many directions with E(B-V)<0.015 mag. Independent evidence of reddening at the North Galactic pole is reviewed, with the conclusion that there still exists directions at the NGP that have E(B-V)<<0.01. Two lines of evidence suggest that IR reddenings are overpredicted in directions with high gas-to-dust ratios. As high gas-to-dust directions in the ISM also include the Galactic poles, this overprediction is the likely cause of the E(B-V) = 0.02 mag larger IR reddening zero point.Comment: 5 figure

Knowledge Management Leadership In Australia: The Understanding Of Knowledge Management Roles & Responsibilities

Leadership is considered a vital success factor for any KM initiative. Top management leadership enables the effective promotion of knowledge creation and sharing as essential components of knowledge management strategy implementation through creating an appropriate organisational culture. Such culture does not automatically exist in any organisation, but requires nurturing through appropriate governance and specific leadership initiatives. This study examined the roles and responsibilities of top managers with respect to KM strategy development and implementation. It is based on a survey data collected from leading Australian companies in 2005

An optical spectroscopic survey of the 3CR sample of radio galaxies with z<0.3. III. Completing the sample

We present optical nuclear spectra for nine 3CR radio sources obtained with the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, that complete our spectroscopic observations of the sample up to redshifts $<$ 0.3. We measure emission line luminosities and ratios, and derive a spectroscopic classification for these sources.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. We provide as additional material two tables presenting the main data for the whole sample, combining the results presented here with those of Paper I and Paper I

The Multiphase Intracluster Medium in Galaxy Groups Probed by the Lyman Alpha Forest

The case is made that the intracluster medium (ICM) in spiral-rich galaxy groups today probably has undergone much slower evolution than that in elliptical-rich groups and clusters. The environments of proto-clusters and proto-groups at z > 2 are likely similar to spiral-rich group environments at lower redshift. Therefore, like the ICM in spiral-rich groups today, the ICM in proto-groups and proto-clusters at z > 2 is predicted to be significantly multiphased. The QSO Lyman alpha forest in the vicinity of galaxies is an effective probe of the ICM at a wide range of redshift. Two recent observations of Lyman alpha absorption around galaxies by Adelberger et al. and by Pascarelle et al are reconciled, and it is shown that observations support the multiphase ICM scenario. Galaxy redshifts must be very accurate for such studies to succeed. This scenario can also explain the lower metallicity and lower hot gas fraction in groups.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, replaced with the version after proo

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations

Color--Luminosity Relations for the Resolved Hot Stellar Populations in the Centers of M 31 and M 32

We present Faint Object Camera (FOC) ultraviolet images of the central 14x14'' of Messier 31 and Messier 32. The hot stellar population detected in the composite UV spectra of these nearby galaxies is partially resolved into individual stars, and their individual colors and apparent magnitudes are measured. We detect 433 stars in M 31 and 138 stars in M 32, down to detection limits of m_F275W = 25.5 mag and m_F175W = 24.5 mag. We investigate the luminosity functions of the sources, their spatial distribution, their color-magnitude diagrams, and their total integrated far-UV flux. Although M 32 has a weaker UV upturn than M 31, the luminosity functions and color-magnitude diagrams of M 31 and M 32 are surprisingly similar, and are inconsistent with a majority contribution from any of the following: PAGB stars more massive than 0.56 Msun, main sequence stars, or blue stragglers. Both the the luminosity functions and color-magnitude diagrams are consistent with a dominant population of stars that have evolved from the extreme horizontal branch (EHB) along tracks with masses between 0.47 and 0.53 Msun. These stars are well below the detection limits of our images while on the zero-age EHB, but become detectable while in the more luminous (but shorter) AGB-Manque' and post-early asymptotic giant branch (PEAGB) phases. The FOC observations require that only a only a very small fraction of the main sequence population (2% in M 31 and 0.5% in M 32) in these two galaxies evolve though the EHB and post-EHB phases, with the remainder evolving through bright PAGB evolution that is so rapid that few if any stars are expected in the small field of view covered by the FOC.Comment: 35 pages, Latex. 19 figures. To appear in ApJ. Uses emulateapj.sty and apjfonts.sty (included). Color plates distributed seperatedly: fig1.jpg and fig2.jp

Spectral Energy Distributions of M81 Globular Clusters in BATC Multicolor Survey

In this paper, we give the spectral energy distributions of 42 M81 globular clusters in 13 intermediate-band filters from 4000 to 10000 A, using the CCD images of M81 observed as part of the BATC multicolor survey of the Sky. The BATC multicolor filter system is specifically designed to exclude most of the bright and variable night-sky emission lines including the OH forest. Hence, it can present accurate SEDs of the observed objects. These spectral energy distributions are low-resolution spectra, and can reflect the stellar populations of the globular clusters. This paper confirms the conclusions of Schroder et al. that, M81 contains clusters as young as a few Gyrs, which also were observed in both M31 and M33Comment: Accepted for Publication in PASP, 10 pages, 3 figure

Dynamics of Bulk vs. Nanoscale WS_2: Local Strain and Charging Effects

We measured the infrared vibrational properties of bulk and nanoparticle WS$_2$ in order to investigate the structure-property relations in these novel materials. In addition to the symmetry-breaking effects of local strain, nanoparticle curvature modifies the local charging environment of the bulk material. Performing a charge analysis on the \emph{xy}-polarized E$_{1u}$ vibrational mode, we find an approximate 1.5:1 intralayer charge difference between the layered 2H material and inorganic fullerene-like (IF) nanoparticles. This effective charge difference may impact the solid-state lubrication properties of nanoscale metal dichalcogenides.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Hacer frente a los desafíos de una fuerza laboral que envejece con el uso de tecnologías usables y la auto-cuantificación

The world's population is aging at an unprecedented rate, this demographic shift will change all aspects of life, including work. The aging of the worforce and a higher percentage of workers who will work past traditional retirement years presents significant challenges and opportunities for employers. Older workers are a valuable resource, but in order to ensure they stay in good health, prevention will be key. Wearable technologies are quickly becoming ubiquitous, individuals are turning to them to monitor health, activities and hundreds of other quantifiable occurences. Wearable technologies could provide a new means for employers to tackle the challenges associated with an aging workforce by creating a wide spectrum of opportunities to intervene in terms of aging employees and extend their working lives by keeping them safe and healthy through prevention. Employers are already making standing desks available, and encouraging lunch time exercise, is it feasible for Wearables to make the jump from a tool for individuals to a method for employers to ensure better health, well-being and safety for their employees? The aim of this work is to lay out the implications for such interventions with Wearable technologies (monitoring health and well-being, oversight and safety, and mentoring and training) and challenges (privacy, acceptability, and scalability). While an ageing population presents significant challenges, including an aging work force, this demographic change should be seen, instead, as an opportunity rethink and innovate workplace health and take advantage of the experience of older workers. The Quantified-Self and Wearables can leverage interventions to improve employees’ health, safety and well-being.La población mundial está envejeciendo a un ritmo sin precedentes. El envejecimiento y un mayor porcentaje de trabajadores que trabajan más allá de los años de jubilación presentan importantes desafíos y oportunidades. Los trabajadores mayores son un recurso valioso, pero a fin de garantizar que permanezcan en buen estado de salud, la prevención será la clave. Tecnologías portátiles, ó wearables, están proporcionando un medio para hacer frente a el envejecimiento mediante la creación de un amplio espectro de oportunidades para intervenir y para prolongar la vida laboral de los colaboradores, mantenendoles seguros y saludables. El objetivo de este trabajo es exponer las implicaciones de este tipo de intervenciones con wearables (Control de salud, vigilancia, seguridad, y formación) y los desafíos (privacidad, aceptabilidad y escalabilidad). Los wearables pueden aprovechar y fortalecer las intervenciones para mejorar la salud, seguridad y el bienestar de los empleados.Martin Lavallière was supported by a postdoctoral research grant - Recherche en sécurité routière : Fonds de recherche du Québec - Société et culture (FRQSC), Société de l'assurance automobile du Québec (SAAQ), Fonds de recherche du Québec - Santé (FRQS). This work was partially developed with the financial support of the Luso-American Development Foundation - FLAD, through the research grant ref. rv14022, and of the MIT Portugal Program

Is the Giant Elliptical Galaxy NGC5018 a Post-Merger Remnant?

NGC5018, one of the weakest UV emitters among giant ellipticals (gE) observed with IUE, appears to consist of an optical stellar population very similar to that of the compact, dwarf elliptical M32, which is several magnitudes fainter in luminosity than NGC5018 and whose stellar population is know to be ~3 Gyr old. Here we show that the mid-UV spectra of these two galaxies are also very similar down to an angular scale hundreds times smaller than the IUE large aperture (as probed by HST/FOS UV spectra obtained through 0.86 arcsec apertures). This implies a reasonably close match of the populations dominating their mid-UV light (namely, their main-sequence turnoff stars). These data indicate that NGC5018 has, in its inner regions, a rather uniform dominance of a ~3 Gyr-old stellar population, probably a bit different in metallicity from M32. Combined with the various structures that indicate that NGC5018 is the result of a recent major merger, it appears that almost all of stars we see in its center regions were formed about 3 Gyr ago, in that merger event. NGC5018 is likely the older brother of NGC7252, the canonical gE-in-formation merger. As such, NGC5018 is perhaps the best galaxy which can tell us how a merger works, after the fireworks subside, to form a gE galaxy today. For this reason alone, the stellar populations in NGC5018 at all radii are worth studying in detail.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic